Along the side of Yanmen Shan mountain, located twenty kilometers to the east of Nanjing, China, the legendary Yangshan quarry can be found. The Pumapunku complex is an alignment of plazas and ramps centered on the Pumapunku platform mound. This layer was deposited during the first of three construction epochs, and dates the initial construction of the Pumapunku to AD 536600 (1510 25 B.P. (Adwo /Adobe Stock). It is little wonder that Puma Punku continues to draw in curious minds with so many unanswered questions and alternative theories available to understanding its origins and creation. A link to reset your password has been sent to you. Puma Punku is a Pre-Columbian archaeological site in Bolivia that is steeped in wonder and mystery. The two most revealing As Greek mythology goes, the universe was once a big soup of nothingness. Refresh the page, check Medium 's site status, or find. Our unique blend of yoga, meditation, personal transformation, and alternative healing content is designed for those seeking to not just enhance their physical, spiritual, and intellectual capabilities, but to fuse them in the knowledge that the whole is always greater than the sum of its parts. Precisely cut H-shaped blocks at Puma Punku. [50][pageneeded], Pumapunku is subject of pseudoscience theories on lost continents and extraterrestrial interventions. The Pumapunku is a terraced earthen mound faced with blocks. Some evidence suggests that those who suffered this fate may have been not native Tiwanaku but rather outsiders captured in raids or battles. The lake is the origin point of the great bearded god - Viracocha, who was said to have emerged from the waters on to the Island of the Sun, created a team of stone or mud giants and instructed them to build all the megalithic sites and carve statues of their great god along the Path of Viracocha, that included . [2][3][5], When the Spanish arrived at Tiwanaku there was still standing architecture at Pumapunku. The ruins of Puma Punku are one of four structures in the ancient city of Tiahuanaco. These stones, he wrote, suggest prefabrication not found at the other Tiwanaku sites. One fact that is undeniable, however, is that the entire region and its people were important in the ancient world of South America. In addition, some of the stones were held together with copper fasteners, some of which were cold hammered into shape, and others that were poured into place molten.. And it would have been filled with people. Pumapunku, a name that means door of the puma, was a holy site started between 500 and 600 CE. Study Shows Giza Pyramid Concentrates Energy Within its Chambers. Considered to be an architectural wonder of its time (AD 500-950), Puma Punku has been ransacked over the last 500 years to a point where none of the remaining 150 blocks that . Amateur archaeological excavation and looting are believed to have occurred repeatedly over the centuries. The Controversial Lapedo Child A Neanderthal / Human Hybrid? There is also evidence of buried homes and irrigation systems laying beneath and between the various features of the Tiwanaku complex. Some skeptics claim that the alien theory is nonsense, leaving Puma Punku debunked. And the question remains how primitive people could have created smooth and flawless right angles and circular holes in Puma Punku stones with crude hammers and chisels. Seems to me the natives of the region cant grow a full beard. The red sandstone and andesite stones were cut in such a precise way that they fit perfectly into and lock with each other without using mortar. It grew and expanded as its people did, reflecting the increasing power of the civilization that built and rebuilt it over hundreds of years. Historic photograph of the architecture on the east side of the Pumapunku platform taken by Max Uhle in 1893 Full size image There are two basic elements of this structure: sandstone slabs that served as the foundation, and andesite blocks that were superstructure. Even accounting for the population growth/spread necessary to facilitate the transition, this seems like a LONG time before humans became civilized. Chachapumas usually were placed on andesite pedestals on either side of the entrance. Sun Gate at Tiwanaku, Bolivia. Then, take a look at the city of giants found in Ethiopia. We just had to set aside centuries of archeological dogma ("humans became civilized 7000 years ago") and start looking! Puma Punku from the air (Author provided) Viracocha's Presence at Tiwanaku . A reed boat on Lake Titcaca. Pieces of Pumapunku that show the complex system by which the bricks were slotted together. . Available at: http://arquehistoria.com/puma-punku-el-lugar-de-los-bloques-imposibles-15941, Robinson, J.P. (2019) The High-Tech Stonework of the Ancients: Unsolved Mysteries of Master Engineers. Ancient Origins. At the west entrance of Pumapunku Totora-reed stones were found. This remains true for both academic archaeologists and historians as well as rogue historians who investigate the hypothesis of advanced prehistoric civilizations or ancient assistance from extraterrestrials. One of the most interesting is Puma Punku. But the temple the Tiwanaku knew during the height of their empire would have been magnificent. Cleopatra, the last pharaoh of Egypt, is one of the most iconic figures in history. Archeologists have theorized that this was perhaps a requisite part of spiritual life, meant to transform the experience of the temple into something life-changing and mystical. I-cramps of unknown composition were used to hold together the massive slabs forming Pumapunku's four large platforms. Puma Punku in Bolivia is one of the world's most mysterious ancient sites. The other three structures are the Akapana Pyramid, the Kalasasaya Platform, and the Subterranean Temple. Later interpretations suggest the faces are former rulers of the city. Researchers at UC Berkeley, USA, created accurate, 3D-printed miniature models of architectural fragments to reconstruct the Puma Punku building in the Tiwanaku site. According to Card, Atlantis and aliens enthusiasts point to the fine-cut masonry and the location of Pumapunku in the high Altiplano as mysteries. ,". What is Gobekli Tepe? Pumapunku or Puma Punku is a 6th-century man-made terraced platform mound with a sunken court and monumental complex on top that is part of the Pumapunku complex, at the Tiwanaku Site near Tiwanacu, in western Bolivia. (2018) El misterio de Puma Punku. Amarilo. Is it a stretch to suggest that a form of cement could have been formed and finished in the making of these stones? How the material arrived at the site is also a matter of debate but many experts believe that the stones were generally shipped across the lake in reed boats and then dragged overland by the large Tiwanaku workforce to reach the site. On the northeast and southeast corners of the Pumapunku, it has 20-metre (66-foot) wide projections extending 27.6 metres (91 feet) north and south from the rectangular mound. Comparable cuts in Inca masonry all have rounded interior angles typical of the pounding technique []. [17] To sustain the weight of these massive structures, Tiwanaku architects were meticulous in creating foundations, often fitting stones directly to bedrock or digging precise trenches and carefully filling them with layered sedimentary stones to support large stone blocks. See our, Here we are, a century-and-a-half later, and irrepressible rumors continue to grow that Puma Punkus massively heavy stone block structures were cut so precisely that, the ruins were reminiscent of a giant Lego set, and he said, We attempted to capitalize on archaeologists learned ability to visualize and mentally rotate irregular objects in space by providing them with 3-D printed objects that they could physically manipulate., that Puma Punku was an advanced Andean architectural achievement. During their peak centuries, the Tiwanaku culture dominated the Lake Titicaca basin as well as portions of Bolivia and Chile. By examining the ruins and their relationship to the stars, Some skeptics claim that the alien theory is nonsense, leaving Puma Punku debunked. A likely scenario involves rapid onset extended drought. [48][49], Apparently, this culture dissolved abruptly some time around AD 1000, and researchers can only guess the reasons. Located southwest of the Kalasasaya Temple in Aymara, Puma Punku's name means "La Puerta del Puma" or the "Door of the Puma."The complex consists of an unwalled western court, a central esplanade, a mound of megalithic stone terraces, and a walled court to the . Built over 800 years ago from massive basalt rocks, this lost city is nestled in the dense jungle and mangroves. Any guesses? Ponce Sangins, C. and G. M. Terrazas, 1970, Protzen, J.-P., and S.E.. Nair, 2000, "On Reconstructing Tiwanaku Architecture:". The conventional explanation for how the stones were worked says that they were first pounded with stone hammers to create depressions, then ground and polished smooth with sand and flat stones. [27], There also exist miniature gateways at Pumapunku which are perfect replicas of once standing monumental full-sized gateways. The person able to do so is promised a handsome. Tiwanaku is significant in Inca traditions because it is believed to be the site where the world was created. Archeologists estimate that at its peak between 700 and 1,000 CE, the Tiwanaku site (a cluster of monuments that includes Pumapunku) was occupied by some 400,000 people. If you look at them from above, they're simply squarish enclosures scattered about the area. The fragments of five andesite gateways with similar characteristics to the Gateway of the Sun were found. [16] Its layout is not square in plan, but rather T-shaped. If these statues are former rulers of the region, how do the co-called mainstream archaeologists explain the statues and with full heavy beards? Dunning applied logic to the mystery, suggesting that perhaps the Puma Punku blocks were not chiseled, but rather poured using concrete or some such similar material. First, most of it was likely concentrated around coastal port cities that were inundated by 'the flood' and forgotten. Puma Punku Stone Blocks Bolivia. Ruins of Pumapunku or Puma Punku part of a large temple complex or monument group that is part of the Tiwanaku Site near Tiwanaku Bolivia Puma Punku - Bolivia Ancient Carved Stone Blocks Stone Gate at Kalasayaya temple, Tiahuanaco, Bolivia Megalithic stone in Bolivia Unable to produce the massive crop yields necessary for their large population, the Tiwanaku apparently scattered into the local mountain ranges, then disappeared shortly thereafter. | by Rufat Rassulov | Lessons from History | Medium 500 Apologies, but something went wrong on our end. MAP RSS Baidu Google Bing so Sogou SM. Archaeologist Neil Steede, for example, has discussed how the astronomical alignments of the main temple at the site do suggest that it was built to coincide with the summer and winter solstices and the spring equinox as these events would have been seen 17,000 years ago. The destruction paints a picture of an angry populace but what might have thrown a stable population into chaos remains a mystery. Just after World War II, Austrian archaeologist Arthur Posnansky had a hypothesis that was far ahead of his time. This is part of the reason why many people have suggested that the ancient inhabitants of Puma Punku had received outside help to create the site. After reading the Gita, written thousands of years ago in ancient India, I am quite convinced humanity has risen and fallen multiple times in the past. Pumapunku, a name that means "door of the puma," was a holy site started between 500 and 600 CE. Puma Punku shatters all traditional views on ancient cultures. There are varying reports on the weight of the largest stones ranging from 140 tons to 800 tons, with the larger number often provided by sources leaning towards alternative explanations on how the site was built. There is justification for the theory that a world-spanning civilization, with complex architecture and trade, could have existed 10,000 to 15,000 years ago and was subsequently devastated when the last ice age ended. Civilizations like the Assyrians, ancient Egyptians, the Maya, the Indus Valley peoples, and many others the world over were, if true, the second wave of civilizations, not the first. ( A. Vranich, 2018 ). But the Inca were quick to realize the sacred nature of the site and soon added their own mythical story to it. Tiwanaku & Puma Punku - Private Service. As the population of the Tiwanaku society grew, so too did the number of skilled craftsmen and artisans. Different jobs were associated with different degrees of prestige. It is 167.4 metres (549 feet) wide along its northsouth axis and 116.7 metres (383 feet) long along its eastwest axis. Though its clear the writing is in the roman alphabet, its meaning remains indecipherable. Today the monumental complex on top of the platform mound lies in ruins. 3.7M views 1 year ago The ancient ruins of Puma Punku have mystified archaeologists ever since their discovery. Why would it take them so damn long to come up with the transition from hunter/gatherers to agriculture/civilization only about 7000 years ago? Every decision we make is inspired by our vision to empower a community of individuals to come together to build a more conscious world. The architectural historian Jean-Pierre Protzen from University of California, Berkeley states that in the past it often has been argued that among the buildings at Ollantaytambo the monumental structures (e. g. the Wall of the six monoliths) were the work of the earlier Tiwanaku culture and have been reused by the Incas: An argument persists that the Wall of the six monoliths and the vanished structures from which the blocks have been recycled predate the Incas and were work of the earlier Tiahuanaco culture. The blocks were fit together like a puzzle, forming load-bearing joints. Archaeologists are baffled by what Puma Punku was and how it looked, said Childress. [48][49] Apparently, Puma Punku was abandoned before its builders could complete it. Smaller andesite blocks for stone facing and carvings came from quarries within the Copacabana Peninsula about 90 kilometres (56 miles) away from and across Lake Titicaca from the Pumapunku and the rest of the Tiwanaku Site. [12][18] The unique copper-arsenic-nickel bronze alloy is also found in metal artifacts within the region between Tiwanaku and San Pedro de Atacama during the late Middle Horizon around 600900. Either way, when the Inca people reached the site in 1470 it was evident that Tiwanaku had been deserted for centuries. Now that we have the technology to find their remains beneath the seas of the world, we're finding more and more. The amazing stonecutting technology at Puma Punku has hardly gone unnoticed. Owing to the work of University of California Berkeley researchers, Puma Punku mapping has brought the ancient archaeological site into perspective. [3][5], Archaeologists dispute the transport of these stones was by the large labor force of ancient Tiwanaku. The Tiwanaku people who inhabited Puma Punku were polytheistic and had a special focus on agriculturally-themed gods. In assembling the walls of Pumapunku, each stone interlocked with the surrounding stones. As with so many areas featuring crafted structures of such weight and size some of which are more than 20 feet tall and tens of thousands of pounds skeptics of academic conclusions begin with the same questions: How were these structures built, and who really built them?. Identical "nested square" symbols can be found on stone stelas in the museum at Pukara. The excavation trenches of Vranich show the clay, sand, and gravel fill of the Pumapunku complex were laid directly on the sterile middle Pleistocene sediments. The architecture found in the ruins astounds archaeologists and historians and has inspired advanced ancient civilization and ancient alien theories. It contains the largest stone slab in the Pumapunku and Tiwanaku Site, measuring 7.8 metres (26 feet) long, 5.2 metres (17 feet) wide and averages 1.1m (3ft 7in) thick. Theirs was the dominant culture of Bolivias Lake Titicaca basin, and their empire extended into Bolivia, Peru, and Chile. Puma Punku is located at an altitude of 12,800 feetthis makes it even harder to explain how the ancient quarried, transported and put into position the massive rocks as Puma Punku is located ABOVE the natural tree line, which in turn means NO trees grew in that area which means that no trees were cut down in order to use wooden rollers. In the south canal of the Pumapunku, the I-shaped cramps were cast in place. [4][12], Notable features at Pumapunku are I-shaped architectural cramps, composed of a unique copper-arsenic-nickel bronze alloy. This structure consists of a stone terrace 6.8 by 38.7 metres (22 by 127 feet) in dimension. Their remains, stowed on what many researchers believe was one of the Tiwanakus most sacred sites, show evidence that all members of society from infants to the elderly took psychoactive drugs culled from hallucinogenic plants. Another group of archaeologists used the carbon dating method to date the construction of Puma Punku to between 400-600 AD. Therefore some assume that the gateway of the sun once formed the main entrance to Pumapunku.[43]. Skeptoid Media. These stones, he wrote, suggest prefabrication not found at the other Tiwanaku sites. Pumapunku and its surrounding homes and monuments emptied suddenly. The eastern edge of the Pumapunku is occupied by the Plataforma Ltica. #pumapunku #pumapunkudrillholes #pumapunkubolivia Lying in a remote valley in the Andes, Puma Punku has been a puzzle for experts for decades. Ernenweini, E. G., and M. L. Konns, 2007, Williams, P. R., N. C. Couture and D. Blom, 2007. [53] The buildings at Chiripa (which are similar to buildings of Pumapunku) were identified as "storage bins" because impressions of baskets and remains of food were found. Several stones have been repurposed for other construction projects, and scholars also believe that many pieces of jewelry, ornaments, metal artifacts, and bright potsherds have been dug up and removed.
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