Rather than being individualistic, they have an increased inclination towards conformity; Increased concern regarding in-group members. b. 38. Communicators in low-context cultures tend to be logical, analytical, and action oriented. of intercultural communication. b. Monochronic vs. Polychronic Communication Styles | What Are Chronemics? Which of the following countries represents a high-context culture? Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Only managers and business executives need strong communication skills., Most Americans communicate with business associates at approximately 1 feet., Psychological barriers to listening include hearing disabilities, poor acoustics, and noisy surroundings. They depend little on the context of a situation to convey meaning. In the United Kingdom, cultural studies focuses largely on the study of popular culture; that is, on the social meanings of mass-produced consumer and leisure goods. Click Registration to join us and share your expertise with our readers.). The level of cultural sophistication has also sometimes been used to distinguish civilizations from less complex societies. Although anthropologists worldwide refer to Tylor's definition of culture,[32] in the 20th century "culture" emerged as the central and unifying concept of American anthropology, where it most commonly refers to the universal human capacity to classify and encode human experiences symbolically, and to communicate symbolically encoded experiences socially. Rein Raud, building on the work of Umberto Eco, Pierre Bourdieu and Jeffrey C. Alexander, has proposed a model of cultural change based on claims and bids, which are judged by their cognitive adequacy and endorsed or not endorsed by the symbolic authority of the cultural community in question. [40] Culture has since become an important concept across many branches of sociology, including resolutely scientific fields like social stratification and social network analysis. succeed. is created by a structured educational system. Japan Japan (c) Michael Jordan b. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. These communicators represent what kind of culture? Instead, you move from project to project, joining a new team and project when your current project is, You prepare notes for a staff meeting to present potential solutions to the lingering problem. b. [55], Petrakis and Kostis (2013) divide cultural background variables into two main groups:[56]. "[30] According to this way of thinking, one could classify some countries and nations as more civilized than others and some people as more cultured than others. is created by a structured educational system. "a general process of intellectual, spiritual, and aesthetic development. (a) Bias is \qquad (c) freedom from the fear of punishment. These critics considered folk music (as produced by "the folk," i.e., rural, illiterate, peasants) to honestly express a natural way of life, while classical music seemed superficial and decadent. culture? All of the following have been victims of trademark trolling in Answer: Germany Chinese social culture avoids direct communication because it can be socially awkward and uncomfortable. Answer: d. Low-context China EXCEPT Which of the following is not a dimension of culture? See Page 1. Because of technology, all workers will write more on the job and use a wider range of communication channels, including letters, memos, e-mails, wikis, texts, instant messages, and blogs. Diverse organizations create products demanded by consumers and experience improved employee relationships and increased productivity. Human Growth and Development: Certificate Program, Human Growth and Development: Help and Review, Human Growth and Development: Tutoring Solution, Human Growth and Development: Homework Help Resource, UExcel Social Psychology: Study Guide & Test Prep, Introduction to Social Psychology: Certificate Program, Social Psychology: Homework Help Resource, Educational Psychology: Tutoring Solution, UExcel Life Span Developmental Psychology: Study Guide & Test Prep, Life Span Developmental Psychology: Help and Review, Life Span Developmental Psychology: Tutoring Solution, Life Span Developmental Psychology: Homework Help Resource, Human Growth & Development Syllabus Resource & Lesson Plans, DSST Lifespan Developmental Psychology Prep, Create an account to start this course today. Related processes on an individual level include assimilation (adoption of a different culture by an individual) and transculturation. Cultural universals are found in all human societies. Environmental conditions may also enter as factors. Group of answer choices Businesses today generate a wide range of messages using a variety of media. The situation, people, and non-verbal elements are more important than the actual words that are communicated. Major trends in today's dynamic world of work include increased emphasis on self-directed work groups and virtual teams, heightened global competition, innovative communication technologies, new work environments, and focus on. average, one in five hate crimes in the United States target people on the This article will explore which of the following countries represents a high context culture, taking Japan as an example. [57]:19 For example, people who are raised in a culture with an abacus are trained with distinctive reasoning style. Context, which refers to the stimuli, environment, or ambience surrounding an event, is probably the most important dimension of culture. A second major volume, "Culture and Leadership across the World: The GLOBE Book of In-Depth Studies of 25 Societies" became available in early 2007. The sociology of culture grew from the intersection between sociology (as shaped by early theorists like Marx,[42] Durkheim, and Weber) with the growing discipline of anthropology, wherein researchers pioneered ethnographic strategies for describing and analyzing a variety of cultures around the world. suggests specific strategies for moving toward a more mindful, competent style Ethnocentrism is the oversimplified perception of a behavioral pattern or characteristic applied to all groups. Most Americans communicate with business associates at approximately 1 feet. a. High-context. 1) Equally, this view often portrayed indigenous peoples as "noble savages" living authentic and unblemished lives, uncomplicated and uncorrupted by the highly stratified capitalist systems of the West. Why does China limit its exports of rare-earth minerals? b. 31. 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Which In 1860, Adolf Bastian (18261905) argued for "the psychic unity of mankind. United States One of them, a Japanese expatriate living in the United States, described the culture as very formal and polite, but with an underlying sense of respect and consideration. He further explained that this formality is often expressed through nonverbal cues such as body language, eye contact, and gestures. b. from the free trade provided by the Trans-Pacific Partnership? Culture repositioning means the reconstruction of the cultural concept of a society. Answer Key. McClenon, James. Cultural sociology was then reinvented in the English-speaking world as a product of the cultural turn of the 1960s, which ushered in structuralist and postmodern approaches to social science. Although more inclusive than earlier views, this approach to culture still allowed for distinctions between "civilized" and "primitive" or "tribal" cultures. Collectivism I: (Institutional) The degree to which organizational and societal institutional practices encourage and reward collective distribution of resources and collective action. In 1795, the Prussian linguist and philosopher Wilhelm von Humboldt (17671835) called for an anthropology that would synthesize Kant's and Herder's interests. Coye, N. dir. Every country has a unique culture or common heritage that In the context of cultural studies, a text includes not only written language, but also films, photographs, fashion or hairstyles: the texts of cultural studies comprise all the meaningful artifacts of culture. Members of the culture place emphasis on interpersonal relationships. Low-context cultures tend to be logical, analytical, action-oriented, and concerned with the individual. [citation needed] The distinction between American and British strands, however, has faded. d. Kindly login to access the content at no cost. He noted that in Japan, it is important to take the time to build relationships with colleagues and clients, as this can greatly influence business outcomes. Other 19th-century critics, following Rousseau, have accepted this differentiation between higher and lower culture, but have seen the refinement and sophistication of high culture as corrupting and unnatural developments that obscure and distort people's essential nature. Primitive. In other words, to be seen as effective, the time-tested adage continues to apply: "When in Rome do as the Romans do." In the United States, Lindlof and Taylor write, "cultural studies [were] grounded in a pragmatic, liberal-pluralist tradition. This article will explore which of the following countries represents a high context culture, taking Japan as an example. Low-context [19] "Stimulus diffusion" (the sharing of ideas) refers to an element of one culture leading to an invention or propagation in another. Family and community play an important role in shaping the culture of Japan. [5] Non-material culture refers to the non-physical ideas that individuals have about their culture, including values, belief systems, rules, norms, morals, language, organizations, and institutions, while material culture is the physical evidence of a culture in the objects and architecture they make or have made. Ethnocentrism occurs in only Western cultures. These include works from South America and North America, which includes Central America and Greenland.The Siberian Yupiit, who have great cultural overlap with Native Alaskan Yupiit, are also included. results from a common gene pool. Which statement about the effect of social media and communication technology on culture is most accurate? Japan Norway Germany Japan United States Rationale: Japan, along with China and Arab countries, is a high-context culture. Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions: Theory, Purpose & Types | What is Cultural Dimension? [71][72][73], This article is about culture as used in the social sciences and humanities. Which word would be, To prevent reactions due to language usage, Peter should probably use "layoff" to describe his company's need to let go of employees. [31] In the process, he redefined culture as a diverse set of activities characteristic of all human societies. Relying on context and feeling 35. Empathetic senders consider how the receiver will decode the message and try, As you first begin the composition process, which of the following questions should you ask yourself? Humanity is in a global "accelerating culture change period," driven by the expansion of international commerce, the mass media, and above all, the human population explosion, among other factors. Additionally, there is a strong emphasis on respecting ones elders and showing loyalty to family and community. In the practice of religion, analogous attributes can be identified in a social group. Virtuous behavior involves treatment meted out to others in a similar manner as one prefers to be treated oneself. On the one hand, it has opened up opportunities for cultural exchange, allowing people to learn more about different cultures. (1871). They also depend little on the context of a situation to convey their meaning. Only managers and business executives need strong communication skills. (d) Tesla a. High context cultures are those in which communication is largely implied rather than explicit. Humane Orientation: The degree to which a collective encourages and rewards individuals for being fair, altruistic, generous, caring, and kind to others. Which of the following statements about today's business environments is most accurate? This means that the members' identity is heavily rooted in groups, i.e., families and work units. Westerners are more motivated by their successes than their failures, while East Asians are better motivated by the avoidance of failure. Follow the three-step plan 1. You consider several key agenda items to include and why ? UNESCO and its partner organizations such as Blue Shield International coordinate international protection and local implementation. They saw patterns of consumption and leisure as determined by relations of production, which led them to focus on class relations and the organization of production.[43][44]. (2011), Lascaux et la conservation en milieu souterrain: actes du symposium international (Paris, 26-27 fv. The United States b Chinese Korean d Arab e . Within cultural anthropology, the ideology and analytical stance of cultural relativism hold that cultures cannot easily be objectively ranked or evaluated because any evaluation is necessarily situated within the value system of a given culture. Your email address will not be published. a. teaches, 31. This included overtly political, left-wing views, and criticisms of popular culture as "capitalist" mass culture; it absorbed some of the ideas of the Frankfurt School critique of the "culture industry" (i.e. [18], Cultures are externally affected via contact between societies, which may also produceor inhibitsocial shifts and changes in cultural practices. Write the correct word in the space next to given definition. It is also intended to affect the particularly sensitive cultural memory, the growing cultural diversity and the economic basis (such as tourism) of a state, region or municipality. ),[54] which seeks to challenge the notion that those who produce commodities control the meanings that people attribute to them. d. tolerance Social media always makes individuals of various cultures feel connected. His use, and that of many writers after him, "refers to all the ways in which human beings overcome their original barbarism, and through artifice, become fully human. Yolanda has taught college Psychology and Ethics, and has a doctorate of philosophy in counselor education and supervision. (d) Canada Psychological barriers to listening include hearing disabilities, poor acoustics, and noisy surroundings. According to research conducted by international business scholar Geert Hofstede, Japan is similar to China, South Korea, and India in terms of its high context culture. a. On the one hand, this can be physical impact on individual objects or the destruction caused by increasing environmental pollution and, on the other hand, socio-cultural effects on society. People are comfortable standing close to each other. On the other hand, it has posed challenges for preserving a high context culture, as certain aspects of the culture may be lost in the process of global integration. In the wider social sciences, the theoretical perspective of cultural materialism holds that human symbolic culture arises from the material conditions of human life, as humans create the conditions for physical survival, and that the basis of culture is found in evolved biological dispositions. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following is the least accurate statement about culture? This view paved the way for the modern understanding of religion. (. In diffusion, the form of something (though not necessarily its meaning) moves from one culture to another. Future Orientation: The extent to which individuals engage in future-oriented behaviors such as delaying gratification, planning, and investing in the future. Employers rank soft skills as less valuable than hard skills. These norms can influence business practices, as they can affect the way people interact with each other, negotiate, and make decisions. Mass culture refers to the mass-produced and mass mediated forms of consumer culture that emerged in the 20th century. Which of the following countries represents a high-context culture? Cognitive tools may not be accessible or they may function differently cross culture. c. Ancient. Communicators from North America, Scandinavia, and Germany tend to be logical, analytical, and action oriented. The non-Marxist approaches suggest that different ways of consuming cultural artifacts affect the meaning of the product. 39. refers to the degree to which a person identifies with a particular group. 1) Which of the following countries is considered a high-context culture? CHAPTER 36: Assessment of the Hematologic Sys, Communications in Management Chapter 02: Flas, Communications in Management Chapter 01: Flas, Communications in Management Chapter 01: Prac, Literature and Composition: Reading, Writing,Thinking, Carol Jago, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Proudly powered by WordPress We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. According to this theory, religion evolves from more polytheistic to more monotheistic forms. b. c. d. Response Feedback: Which of the following countries represents a high-context culture? An error occurred trying to load this video. In reaction to Kant, German scholars such as Johann Gottfried Herder (17441803) argued that human creativity, which necessarily takes unpredictable and highly diverse forms, is as important as human rationality. (Note: Is this article not meeting your expectations? d. Such hierarchical perspectives on culture are also found in class-based distinctions between a high culture of the social elite and a low culture, popular culture, or folk culture of the lower classes, distinguished by the stratified access to cultural capital. The writer Julia Kristeva is among influential voices at the turn of the century, contributing to cultural studies from the field of art and psychoanalytical French feminism. [58]:158168[59] Culture psychologists began to try to explore the relationship between emotions and culture, and answer whether the human mind is independent from culture. [citation needed] Some researchers, especially in early British cultural studies, apply a Marxist model to the field. promoting from within. His employees are continually late to work and it is affecting appointment workflow. Time orientation Diffusion of innovations theory presents a research-based model of why and when individuals and cultures adopt new ideas, practices, and products.[20]. High-context cultures are collectivist, value interpersonal relationships, and have members that form stable, close relationships. Germany Emphasis on personal enjoyment, fun, and pleasure, over duties and social norms. Organizations like UNESCO attempt to preserve culture and cultural heritage. Roger OKeefe, Camille Pron, Tofig Musayev, Gianluca Ferrari "Protection of Cultural Property. Choose two phrases to form a sentence that correctly uses a word from Word List 6. However, there are some key differences between Japan and the other countries. Richard Hoggart coined the term in 1964 when he founded the Birmingham Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies or CCCS. In common parlance, culture is often used to refer specifically to the symbolic markers used by ethnic groups to distinguish themselves visibly from each other such as body modification, clothing or jewelry. They also depend little on the context of a situation to convey their meaning. Answer: Social media are playing an increasingly prominent role in business. Confrontation is accepted as an attribute. "[21] He argued that this immaturity comes not from a lack of understanding, but from a lack of courage to think independently. [10], The Cambridge English Dictionary states that culture is "the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time. As the field developed, it began to combine political economy, communication, sociology, social theory, literary theory, media theory, film/video studies, cultural anthropology, philosophy, museum studies, and art history to study cultural phenomena or cultural texts. [47] Cultural studies in this sense, then, can be viewed as a limited concentration scoped on the intricacies of consumerism, which belongs to a wider culture sometimes referred to as Western civilization or globalism. Which of the following countries represents a high-context culture? "[52] The American version of cultural studies initially concerned itself more with understanding the subjective and appropriative side of audience reactions to, and uses of, mass culture; for example, American cultural-studies advocates wrote about the liberatory aspects of fandom. Tolerance c. Scholars in the United Kingdom and the United States developed somewhat different versions of cultural studies after the late 1970s. For example, after tropical forests returned at the end of the last ice age, plants suitable for domestication were available, leading to the invention of agriculture, which in turn brought about many cultural innovations and shifts in social dynamics. The emphasis on family is evident in the way people refer to each other, with family members typically being referred to by their given name or title. This page was last edited on 20 April 2023, at 12:57. Humans acquire culture through the learning processes of . d.Developers of social media should use the same design principles for all audiences. Japan and China are some of the best examples of high-context cultures, in addition to Brazil, Argentina, Spain, and many nations throughout Africa and the Middle East. Communicators from North America, Scandinavia, and Germany tend to be logical, analytical, and action oriented. Thompson, and Raymond Williams, and later that of Stuart Hall and others at the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies at the University of Birmingham. Read:Discussion Background and answer all, You work for an auto manufacturer designing brake systems, but you do not have a dedicated team. This type of cultural sociology may be loosely regarded as an approach incorporating cultural analysis and critical theory. Humans acquire culture through the learning processes of enculturation and socialization, which is shown by the diversity of cultures across societies. The target of the attack is the identity of the opponent, which is why symbolic cultural assets become a main target. a. teaches : 1275997, Every country has a unique culture or common heritage that. Which region of involved countries is likely to benefit most Finally, globalization has had both positive and negative impacts on the culture, providing opportunities for cultural exchange but also posing challenges for preserving a high context culture. Cultural Perceptions of Communication in Organizations: Low Context and High Context. United States b. Germany c. Norway d. Japan ANSWER: RATIONALE: Japan, along with China and Arab countries, is a high-context culture.d. a. Martin Lindstrom asserts that Kulturbrille, which allow a person to make sense of the culture they inhabit, "can blind us to things outsiders pick up immediately."[38]. Norway Furthermore, cultural norms such as politeness, humility, and respect for authority are deeply ingrained in the culture. Societies that have small power distance possess the following features: Participative or consultative style of management; Decision-making responsibility and authority decentralized; Questioning the authority and lack of acceptance; Tolerance toward differing opinions and behaviors. To be cultural, to have a culture, is to inhabit a place sufficiently intensely to cultivate itto be responsible for it, to respond to it, to attend to it caringly."[8]. Expert Answer. Gender Egalitarianism: The degree to which a collective minimizes gender inequality. I highly recommend you use this site! Performance Orientation: The degree to which a collective encourages and rewards group members for performance improvement and excellence. The preferred way of solving problems and learning is in groups. Analyzing Adapting Anticipating, Adapting your message to the task and audience requires empathy, which means putting yourself in the other person's shoes. b. Which of the following countries is considered a high-context of intercultural communication competence: Scholarship Immanuel Kant (17241804) formulated an individualist definition of "enlightenment" similar to the concept of bildung: "Enlightenment is man's emergence from his self-incurred immaturity. Do Metamucil Gummies Work as Well as Powder. They show hostility or indifference toward out-group members; Emphasis on harmony and hierarchy within group; Regulation of behavior with the help of group norms. Uncertainty Avoidance: The extent to which a society, organization, or group relies on social norms, rules, and procedures to alleviate unpredictability of future events. So far as tasks in life are concerned, virtue comprises acquiring skills, working hard, education, being wise in spending as well as showing perseverance and patience. They rely less on context & non-verbal cues and instead convey meaning more directly. teaches its members how to behave and conditions their reactions. [34][35][36][37] The term Kulturbrille, or "culture glasses," coined by German American anthropologist Franz Boas, refers to the "lenses" through which a person sees their own culture. North Americans value straightforwardness and are suspicious of evasiveness. Cultural sociologists tend to reject scientific methods, instead hermeneutically focusing on words, artifacts and symbols. _________ is defined as the perception of membership in a group that is part of an encompassing culture. "bro culture"), or a counterculture. Group of answer choices (a) England (b) China (c) Germany (d) Canada 2) All of the following have been victims of trademark trolling in China EXCEPT Group of answer choices (a) Justin Bieber (b) Volkswagen (c) Michael Jordan (d) Tesla 3 . 36. Will the audience listen to me? b. This website helped me pass! is defined as the perception of membership in a group that is part of an Military Manual." Explain. assume that the listener understands if he or she nods and smiles in agreement. Culture is shaped by attitudes learned in adulthood. Advance Your Career", "A Physicist Experiments with Cultural Studies", "A Methodological Framework for the Sociology of Culture", "UNESCO Legal Instruments: Second Protocol to the Hague Convention of 1954 for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict 1999", "Karl von Habsburg auf Mission im Libanon". This emerges in the writings of early British cultural-studies scholars and their influences: see the work of (for example) Raymond Williams, Stuart Hall, Paul Willis, and Paul Gilroy.