[388][389], Commenting on the first of 2016 presidential debates between Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump, some media outlets characterized Clinton's references to implicit bias and systemic racism[390] as speaking "the language of the Black Lives Matter movement,"[391] while others pointed out neither Clinton nor Trump used the words "Black Lives Matter. Created by two teachers with more than thirty-five years of educational experience between them, How We Can Live presents the guiding principles in down-to-earth, child-friendly language, accompanied by vibrant portraits of real peoplemany of them present-day or historical activists for human rights and racial justice. Black Lives Matter is a phrase, and notably a hashtag, used to highlight racism, discrimination and inequality experienced by black people. [87] Songs, such as Michael Jackson's "They Don't Care About Us" and Kendrick Lamar's "Alright", have been widely used as a rallying call at demonstrations. [117], In 2014, Black Lives Matter demonstrated against the deaths of numerous African Americans by police actions, including those of Dontre Hamilton, Eric Garner, John Crawford III, Michael Brown, Ezell Ford, Laquan McDonald, Akai Gurley, Tamir Rice, Antonio Martin, and Jerame Reid, among others. Activists from a different BLM group, Charles Gordon[341] and Sasha Johnson, founded the Taking The Initiative Party (TTIP) in the summer of 2020 had applied to register as a political party through the Electoral Commission; however, BLM UK said "BLM UK has no intention to set up a political party. She was then sent messages by members of the Seattle Chapter which she described as threatening, and was forced to change the name of her group to "Black in Seattle". Marybeth Gasman,[456] [254][255][256], In Illinois, Olivia Butts organized an effort to get the elimination of cash bail passed for 2023 under a new bill known as the SAFE-T Act. Of course, actions speak louder than words. ", "How Black Lives Matter Changed the Way Americans Fight for Freedom", "What you need to know about Black Lives Matter in 10 questions", "93% of Black Lives Matter Protests Have Been Peaceful, New Report Finds", "UConn Study: At Least 96% of Black Lives Matter Protests Were Peaceful", "This summer's Black Lives Matter protesters were overwhelmingly peaceful, our research finds", "Comparison between Capitol siege, BLM protests is denounced", "Black Lives Matter Fights Disinformation To Keep The Movement Strong", "#BlackLivesMatter: the birth of a new civil rights movement", "Black Lives Matter: How the events in Ferguson sparked a movement in America", "One Slogan, Many Methods: Black Lives Matter Enters Politics", "We didn't start a movement. [39] Members include the Black Lives Matter Network, the National Conference of Black Lawyers, and the Ella Baker Center for Human Rights. These principles commit the movement to empathy, loving engagement, and just action among its participants; affirm the importance of Black women, families, elders, and LGBTQ folk; and celebrate the strength and diversity of Black people in their communities and around the globe. It became nationally recognized for street demonstrations following the 2014 deaths of two more African Americans, Michael Brownresulting in protests and unrest in Ferguson, Missouri, a city near St. Louisand Eric Garner in New York City. Its use grew in the US after high-profile killings by . Black Lives Matter began as a call to action in response to state-sanctioned violence and anti-Black racism. [1][2][3][4][5][6] It started following the killings of Trayvon Martin, Michael Brown, Eric Garner, and Rekia Boyd, among others. [452][453], Some academics, including John McWhorter,[454] John Ellis,[455] Ortega, a New York City activist, helped organize over 40 Black Lives Matter demonstrations in the Empire State, a number of them at Washington Square Park. [64][65], In 2014, the American Dialect Society chose #BlackLivesMatter as their word of the year. [198] On July 26, Black Lives Matter held a protest in Austin, Texas, to mark the third anniversary of the shooting death of Larry Jackson Jr.[199] On July 28, Chicago Police Department officers shot Paul O'Neal in the back and killed him following a car chase. [400] Following this, Blue Lives Matter became a pro-police officer movement in the United States, expanding after the killings of four police officers by a sniper in Dallas, Texas, who cited police shootings of Black people as his motive. [367] In response, the organization released a press statement on its Facebook page stating that "[i]n consultation with our chapters, our communities, allies, and supporters, we remain unequivocal that a Presidential Town Hall with support from the DNC does not sufficiently respond to the concerns raised by our members", continuing to demand a full additional debate. This article is about the decentralized social movement. [314][315] Nine people were arrested in connection with the incident. Empathy 3. In April, CNN reported that the largest Facebook account claiming to be a part of the "Black Lives Matter" movement was a "scam" tied to a white man in Australia. He articulated that voting alone is not the only way to bring about "transformational change". It's actually much safer", "Marco Rubio shows other Republicans how to respond to Black Lives Matter", "Here Are The Conservative Pundits Branding Black Lives Matter A 'Hate Group', "Why did Chris Christie go after Black Lives Matter? ", Shut Up and Play: Black Athletes, Protest Politics, and Black Political Action, Reckoning: Black Lives Matter and the Democratic Necessity of Social Movements, "#BlackLivesMatter: A Longform Reading List", "The complete summer reading syllabus on Black Lives Matter", "Listen, Learn, Participate: A #BlackLivesMatter Resource Series". The show featured more than 30 diverse multicultural artists on a theme exploring racial equality and justice. After her boyfriend shot a police officer in the leg,[232] Police fired several shots which led to her death. [310][311][312][313] On August 4, 2016, BLM protesters blocked London City Airport in London, England. [150], In July, BLM activists across the United States began protests over the death of Sandra Bland, an African-American woman, who was allegedly found hanged in a jail cell in Waller County, Texas. [281] Pride executive director Mathieu Chantelois signed BLM's statement of demand, but later asserted that he had signed it only to end the sit-in and get the parade moving, and had not agreed to honor the demands. On Telegram, a "white supremacist channel encouraged members to distribute the propaganda. [418] This has led some to argue that Blue Lives Matter is more about suppressing minorities than supporting law enforcement. [48][49][50] The sum donated by the Ford Foundation and the other donors to M4BL was reported as $100million by The Washington Times in 2016; another donation of $33million to M4BL was reportedly issued by the Open Society Foundations. The Black Lives Matter movement became an international phenomenon in 2020. ", Parker, Kim, Juliana Menasce Horowitz, and Monica Anderson. Restorative Justice 2. What began in 2013 as a hashtag propagated by a few activists and academics rapidly grew into a nationwide protest movement and then into an institutional establishment, with local chapters around the U.S. and even a few [] Black Lives Matter activist Alicia Garza describes the movement as "a response to the anti-Black racism that permeates our society and also, unfortunately, our movements.". [400] A few civil rights leaders have disagreed with tactics used by Black Lives Matter activists. Corrections? The ease with which bystanders can record graphic videos of police violence and post them onto social media has driven activism all over the world. Here's what it means", "Here's What Black Lives Matter D.C. Is Calling For, And Where The City Stands", "DC Renames Street near White House 'Black Lives Matter Plaza' to Honor George Floyd Protests", "Minneapolis Votes To Disband Police Department", "Minneapolis City Council Votes to Remove $8 Million From Police Budget", "National 'Strike for Black Lives' to fight racism, low wages", "Demonstrations & Political Violence in America: New Data for Summer 2020", "Celebration is laced with warnings after Derek Chauvin conviction", "Derek Chauvin cuffed after murder, manslaughter convictions in death of George Floyd", "EXPLAINER: What next after Chauvin's conviction on 3 counts? [45][46][47] However, the conference resulted in the formation of a much more significant social movement. [309], Black Lives Matter emerged as a movement in the UK in the summer of 2016. [316], In 2016, tabloid newspapers ran several stories seeking to expose and discredit BLM activists, leading the movement to adopt anonymity. In some cases, Russian operatives encouraged antagonism and violence toward BLM members. [237] The breaking point was due primarily to the murder of George Floyd by Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin,[238] eventually charged with second-degree murder after a video circulated showing Chauvin kneeling on Floyd's neck for nearly nine minutes while Floyd pleaded for his life, repeating: "I can't breathe. At one point the National Guard was called in and a state of emergency was declared. [291], In June 2020, following the murder of George Floyd, Black Lives Matter Denmark held a demonstration in Copenhagen that attracted 15,000 participants. "[410] President Barack Obama spoke to the debate between Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter. ", "raceAhead: Why Ford Foundation Is Underwriting Black Lives Matter", "Slavery reparations sought in first Black Lives Matter agenda", "Black Lives Matter Releases Policy Demands, Includes Reparations And Abolishing The Death Penalty", "Major donors consider funding Black Lives Matter", "Six months after mass protests began, what is the future of BLM? [190] Before he died, according to police, Johnson said that "he was upset about Black Lives Matter", and that "he wanted to kill white people, especially white officers. An analysis of #BlackLivesMatter and other Twitter hashtags related to political or social issues", Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech, "#BlackLivesMatter surges on Twitter after George Floyd's death", "4. [472], Women from within the Black Lives Matter movement, including professor and civil rights advocate Treva B. Lindsey, have argued that BLM has sidelined black women's experiences in favor of black men's experiences. ". [214][215], During the 2017 Black History Month, a month-long "Black Lives Matter" art exhibition was organized by three Richmond, Virginia artists at the First Unitarian Universalist Church of Richmond in the Byrd Park area of the city. [439], According to an analysis by The Guardian of statistics collected by the US Crisis Monitor, during most of 2020 "US law enforcement agencies have used teargas, pepper spray, rubber bullets, and beatings at a much higher percentage at Black Lives Matter demonstrations than at pro-Trump or other rightwing protests",[440] regardless of whether the protest was violent or peaceful. In 2016, Black Lives Matter demonstrated against the deaths of numerous African Americans by police actions, including those of Bruce Kelley Jr., Alton Sterling, Philando Castile, Joseph Mann, Abdirahman Abdi, Paul O'Neal, Korryn Gaines, Sylville Smith, Terence Crutcher, Keith Lamont Scott, Alfred Olango, and Deborah Danner, among others. As well as black-rights issues, the group's "13 Guiding Principles" also tells "comrades" to be "committed to embracing and making space for trans siblings to participate and lead" as well as. Premier League players' names will be replaced on the back . [445][446], Opal Tometi theorizes that increased support was the result of economic anxiety and contempt for the American government's handling of the COVID-19 pandemic. [38], The Movement for Black Lives (M4BL) is a coalition of more than 50 groups representing the interests of black communities across the United States. [428][429], Conservative pundits such as Ryan Fournier and Candace Owens have falsely claimed that ActBlue funnels donations intended for Black Lives Matter to Democratic candidates, with some going so far as to allege the organization is a money laundering scam. [104], A 2019 study in PNAS concluded that black people were actually less likely than white people to be killed by police, based on the death rates in police encounters. Castile was driving a car with his girlfriend and her 4-year-old daughter as passengers when he was pulled over by Yanez and another officer. [189], On July 7, a BLM protest was held in Dallas, Texas that was organized to protest the deaths of Alton Sterling and Philando Castile. [187] She stated: "The officer said don't move. [241], Black Lives Matter organized rallies in the United States and worldwide[242] from May 30 onwards,[243][244] with protesters enacting Floyd's final moments, many lying down in streets and on bridges, yelling "I can't breathe," while others marched by the thousands, some carrying signs that read, "Tell your brother in blue, don't shoot""Who do you call when the murderer wears a badge?" End the war on black people. [411] Obama said, "I think that the reason that the organizers used the phrase Black Lives Matter was not because they were suggesting that no one else's lives matter rather what they were suggesting was there is a specific problem that is happening in the African American community that's not happening in other communities." [353] Nikki Stephens, the operator of a Facebook page called "Black Lives Matter: Seattle" issued an apology to Sanders' supporters, claiming these actions did not represent her understanding of BLM. [137] Charley Leundeu Keunang, a 43-year-old Cameroonian national, was fatally shot by Los Angeles Police Department officers. In August, several professional athletes began participating in National Anthem protests. [18] A June 2020 Pew Research Center poll found that 67% of adult Americans expressed some support for the Black Lives Matter movement. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Black Lives Matter is one of the most well-known organizations fighting for the well-being of Black people. Democracy at Northwestern University found that 82 percent of African Americans believe that the movement is at least moderately effective 3. [14][35] In 2015, Johnetta Elzie, DeRay Mckesson, Brittany Packnett, and Samuel Sinyangwe initiated Campaign Zero, aimed at promoting policy reforms to end police brutality. [157] In Charlotte, North Carolina, after a judge declared a mistrial in the trial of a white Charlotte police officer who killed an unarmed black man, Jonathan Ferrell, BLM protested and staged die-ins. Please select which sections you would like to print: Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. [303], On June 1, 2020, several BLM solidarity protests in response to the murder of George Floyd were held in several New Zealand cities including Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, Dunedin, Tauranga, Palmerston North and Hamilton. In 2013, three female Black organizers Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, and Opal Tometi created a Black-centered political will and movement building project called Black Lives Matter. The names most associated with Black Lives Matter are not its leaders but the victims who have drawn attention to the massive issues of racism this country grapples with: George Floyd,. [422][423] The group has also been active in the United Kingdom. The origin of Black Lives Matter UK. [184] On July 6, Black Lives Matter held a candlelight vigil in Baton Rouge, with chants of "We love Baton Rouge" and calls for justice. The account, with 700,000 followers, linked to fundraisers that raised $100,000 or more, purportedly for U.S. Black Lives Matter causes; however, some of the money was instead transferred to Australian banks accounts, according to CNN. [356] In reply, Bernie Sanders stated, "Black lives matter. "[442] The Pew Research Center reported that "[m]ost Americans express[ed] support for the Black Lives Matter movement" during this period. Globalism 6. Thompson drew comparisons to McCarthy-era loyalty oaths. ", Ming Francis, Megan and Leah Wright-Rigueur. He also compared them unfavorably to the civil rights movement leaders, who were "consciously appealing to what we share" instead of emphasizing differences of race and other identities. After receiving considerable donations in summer 2020, Black Lives Matter UK formalised its organisation. [369], Republican candidates have been mostly critical of BLM. [461][462][454], In particular, high-profile academics have spoken out against the use of "diversity statements" in admission, hiring, and tenure decisions, including Jeffrey Flier, Dean of the Harvard Medical School,[463][464] and Abigail Thompson, Vice President of the American Mathematical Society. [103], A study by Harvard economist Roland Fryer found that blacks and Hispanics were 50% more likely to experience non-lethal force in police interactions, but for officer-involved shootings there were "no racial differences in either the raw data or when contextual factors are taken into account". [406] NFL cornerback Richard Sherman supports the All Lives Matter message, saying "I stand by what I said that All Lives Matter and that we are human beings. [105] The authors later retracted the paper because although "our data and statistical approach were appropriate for investigating whether officer characteristics are related to the race of civilians fatally shot by police," the paper had been "cited as providing support for the idea that there are no racial biases in fatal shootings, or policing in general" whereas in fact their analyses "are inadequate to address racial disparities in the probability of being shot. [262], In 2015, after the death of Freddie Gray in Baltimore, Maryland, black activists around the world modeled efforts for reform on Black Lives Matter and the Arab Spring. [19] A later poll conducted in September 2020 showed that support among American adults had dropped to 55%, with notable declines among whites and Hispanics, while support remained widespread among black adults. Without policy change, she felt "we'll be back here in 10 years having the same conversation. Organizers hoped to commandeer hashtags like #BlackLivesMatter and #BLM with a high volume of tweetspurportedly from Black activist accountscontaining the #AWAN hashtag." This series of book lists for children and young people of all ages has been compiled to share Black stories and promote Black voices. Glenn Loury,[457] [159] Around August 9, the first anniversary of Michael Brown's death, BLM rallied, held vigil and marched in St. Louis and across the country. In January, hundreds of BLM protesters marched in San Francisco to protest the December 2, 2015, shooting death of Mario Woods, who was shot by San Francisco Police officers. [297], On July 18, 2020, thousands of protesters marched near Paris to commemorate the fourth anniversary of the death of Adama Traor. [274] The slogan "Black Lives Matter" was translated to "Vidas Negras Importam" in Portuguese. After the march, a group of men carrying firearms and body armor[172] appeared and began calling the protesters racial slurs according to a spokesperson for Black Lives Matter. Many have called the movement hypocritical, as people in the mob assaulted Capitol police officers. [56] According to Politico, Solidaire, the donor coalition focusing on "movement building" and led by Texas oil fortune heir Leah Hunt-Hendrix, a member of the Democracy Alliance, had donated more than $200,000 to the BLM movement by 2015. Black Families 11. I voted my entire life, and those votes did not convict the killers of Sandra Bland, Freddie Gray or Michael Brown". On October 28, 2017, numerous "White Lives Matter" rallies broke out in Tennessee. How Public Opinion Has Moved on Black Lives Matter, Most Americans express support for the Black Lives Matter movement, "The BLM protests preview the politics of a diversifying America", "A Black Lives Matter Co-Founder Explains Why This Time Is Different", "Black Lives Matter protests mark historic civil rights movement, UNLV professor says", "The Black Lives Matter movement has been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize", "Is Black Lives Matter a Marxist movement? This bias is not seen when suspects were armed. The Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement was founded by three Black women - Patrisse Cullors, Alicia Garza and Opal Tometi - after the acquittal of the man who shot dead 17-year-old Trayvon . [348][26] The expression "Shut it down" would go on to become a popular phrase in Black Lives Matter protests and on social media. "[359] Clinton had already met with Black Lives Matter representatives, and emphasized what she described as a more pragmatic approach to enacting change, stating "Look, I don't believe you change hearts. [336] The Premier League, who were carrying the Black Lives Matter logo on their football shirts for the rest of the 201920 season, subsequently said that attempts by groups to hijack the cause to suit their own political ends are entirely unwelcome. [62][63][64] Despite this, opponents have falsely portrayed the movement as violent. [425] "White Lives Matter" movements have also been present in European football, with instances of corresponding banners being raised at stadiums in the Czech Republic, Ukraine, Hungary, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. [379], BLM activists also called on the Republican National Committee to have a presidential debate focused on issues of racial justice. "Black Lives Matter has become a very important worldwide movement to fight racial injustice. Hundreds of thousands of people in many countries have marched to raise awareness about racism against Black people and the need to find a solution.