with the financial assistance of the European Commission. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. Fish, marine mammals and birds in the region are exposed to environmental pollutants, increasing the stress of the marine ecosystem. WebLINDANE: ICSC: 0053 (November 2016) gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane gamma-BHC gamma-HCH: CAS #: 58-89-9: UN #: 2761 EC Number: 200-401-2 ACUTE Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. 0000002475 00000 n If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Chemical dangers (i) At least 100 mm (3.9 inches) as measured from the outside of the lines forming the border for marks applied to: (A) Non-bulk packages, except in the case of packages which, because of their size, can only bear smaller marks. A medication guide, written in plain English, was also developed and is now required by law to be dispensed with every lindane prescription dispensed in the U.S. to better educate patients and caregivers on safe application technique. [11][12] Both medications contain only the gamma-HCH isomer, and are available as prescription-only medications. [28] More specifically, the EPA conducted down-the-drain estimates of the amount of lindane reaching public water supplies from the use of lindane medications using data from California water treatment facilities, concluding that lindane levels from pharmaceutical sources were extremely low and not of concern.[5]. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 0000006227 00000 n Code of Federal Regulations Title 49. Lindane in soil can leach to surface and even ground water and can bioaccumulate in the food chain. Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur along the food chain, for example in fish and seafood. In the U.S., lindane medications are approved for the treatment of scabies, pubic lice (crabs), and head lice. Dizziness. [4][6] It is banned in 52 countries and the state of California, and is under review for addition to the Stockholm Convention On Persistent Organic Pollutants. As noted by the U.S. District Court, the case pleads that [d]efendants swap agricultural and pharmaceutical research selectively quoting and/or misstating findings from studies relating to the agricultural use of lindane, and widely disseminate false, misleading, and defamatory statements about the safety profile and effectiveness of lindane.[34] On June 18, 2007, Judge Elaine Bucklo issued a written decision denying defendants motion to dismiss and further held that Morton Grove had properly pled a case suitable for trial on the following counts: defamation, false advertising under the Federal Lanham Act, trade disparagement and violation of the Illinois Uniform Deceptive Trade Practice Act. People who are occupationally exposed to it are advised to avoid its contact with eyes, skin and via inhalation. The mark may be displayed in black lettering on a square-on-point configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard. A marking in conformance with the requirements of this paragraph in effect on December 31, 2014, may continue to be used until December 31, 2016. Find out how LUMITOS supports you with online marketing. (c) A transport vehicle or freight container that contains a package subject to the marking requirements of paragraph (a) or (b) of this section must be marked with the MARINE POLLUTANT mark. %PDF-1.6 % The following ingredients are of concern in the marine environment and need more testing: Cinoxate. It has an oral LD50 of 88 mg/kg in rats and a dermal LD50 of 1000 mg/kg. [10] (see also Pharmaceutical Uses) Other countries, like Canada, similarly approve of pharmaceutical applications for lindane but no longer permit its broader use agriculturally. [7] (see also Regulatory History) Repeatedly, the FDA has concluded that lindane medications provide public health benefits at an acceptably low level of riska factor for all medications. Abstract. [7], In 1995, lindane medications were designated second-line and are now reserved for patients who are unable to tolerate or have failed first-line treatmentsa growing problem in the U.S. and elsewhere due to increased rates of resistance. [16] The vast majority (85%) of these reports488 totalwere classified as nonserious, while serious events most often resulted from product misuse (80% of serious cases). Vomiting. With an accout for my.chemeurope.com you can always see everything at a glance and you can configure your own website and individual newsletter. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. In the 1940s, lindane was registered with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and in 1951 it was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for medical use in the treatment of scabies, head lice and pubic lice (crabs). WebSurface waters near industrialized and agricultural areas are contaminated with hundreds of different pollutants from a variety of sources. [citation needed], The US EPA has determined that lindane does not contaminant drinking water in excess of the Agency's level of concern. [7][8][9] The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also includes lindane medications in their Sexually Transmitted Disease Treatment Guidelines as viable treatment alternatives for the management of scabies and pubic lice, consistent with the approved prescription labeling for these products. Purpose Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers (-, - and - (Lindane)) were recently included as new persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Stockholm Convention, and therefore, the legacy of HCH and Lindane production became a contemporary topic of global relevance. Lindane is registered for use in 50 countries, with restricted-use status in 33 of these countries. Marine pollutants or environmentally hazardous substances are materials that can pose a risk to aquatic ecosystems. Marine pollutant is a term mainly used by IMDG code while the term " environmentally hazardous substances " are used by other dangerous goods regulations such as ADR and IATA. [26], Lindane is released into the environment during and after agricultural application through volatilization into the atmosphere (estimated at 12-30%), where it has long-range transport potential and can be deposited by rainfall. WebLindane Can Be Toxic to Humans Lindane, also known as g-hexachlorocyclohexane (g-HCH), is commonly used in shampoos and other topical treatments for head lice and 0000003713 00000 n [1] Alpha- and beta-HCH were used agriculturally in the U.S. in the form of technical-grade HCH until 1976 and are also produced as manufacturing by-products but are void of insecticidal properties and have little to no use. (e) MARINE POLLUTANT mark. [1] Vomiting and nausea are usual symptoms associated with oral ingestions of lindane but serious neurologic effects can occur, albeit less frequently. The mark must appear on each side and each end of the transport vehicle or freight container, and must be visible from the direction it faces. A review of the most serious cases described 15 deaths of which two were confirmed related to lindane misuse including a suicidal ingestion. A wide range of pollutionfrom plastic pollution to light pollutionaffects marine ecosystems. Physical State; Appearance 104 22 0000003791 00000 n Sweep spilled substance into sealable non-metallic containers. Liquid formulations containing organic solvents may be flammable. %PDF-1.4 % WebLindane is a persistent organic pollutant: it is relatively long-lived in the environment, it is transported long distances by natural processes like global distillation, and it can WHITE CRYSTALLINE POWDER. Lindane has been used in the U.S. for more than 60 years, both in healthcare and in agriculture. (3) Transitional exception. A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed. First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention. Column 1 is labeled S.M.P. for Severe Marine Pollutants and Column 2 is [7] These infectious diseases, two of which are sexually transmitted, affect tens of millions of Americans and hundreds of millions of people worldwide every year. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR), Subtitle B - Other Regulations Relating to Transportation, CHAPTER I - PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, SUBCHAPTER C - HAZARDOUS MATERIALS REGULATIONS, PART 172 - HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLE, SPECIAL PROVISIONS, HAZARDOUS MATERIALS COMMUNICATIONS, EMERGENCY RESPONSE INFORMATION, TRAINING REQUIREMENTS, AND SECURITY PLANS. [18] (see also Agricultural vs. Healthcare Applications) Air quality and pollution has gotten worse in Colorado. Larger than the issue of lindane toxicity are concerns related to the non-gamma isomers of HCH, namely alpha-HCH and beta-HCH, which are notably more toxic than lindane. Formula: C6H6Cl6 [7] Worldwide, effective treatment options for the control of scabies and lice are relatively limited. In 2001, the Environmental Protection Agencys Cancer Assessment Review Committee for lindane downgraded the carcinogenic classification of lindane from possible to suggestive evidence, concluding that the data did not support the need for further study of the carcinogenic risks in humans. WebThe MARINE POLLUTANT mark must conform to the following: (1) Except for size, the MARINE POLLUTANT mark must appear as follows: Symbol (fish and tree): Black on Lindane persists in the environment and bioaccumulates as an organochlorine pesticide and can pose risks to ecological environments and human (b) Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, a bulk packaging that contains a marine pollutant must -, (1) Be marked with the MARINE POLLUTANT mark on at least two opposing sides or two ends other than the bottom if the packaging has a capacity of less than 3,785 L (1,000 gallons). Depending on the degree of exposure, periodic medical examination is suggested. (2) Be marked on each end and each side with the MARINE POLLUTANT mark if the packaging has a capacity of 3,785 L (1,000 gallons) or more. [1] In 2003, the EPA reported on the results of large-scale water contaminant testing of 16,000 water systems serving 100 million people across the U.S. and found that none contained lindane levels above the maximum contaminant level standard considered safe. That's what the Environmental Protection Agency said after downgrading ozone standards in the northern front range from "serious" to "severe." The company seeks damages and injunctive relief against all of the defendants. Lindane, also known as gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (-HCH) and benzene hexachloride (BHC), is an organochlorine insecticide that has been used in agriculture and in pharmaceutical products for the treatment of headlice and scabies. The EPA has approved the use of lindane stockpiles through 2009. Where dimensions are not specified, all features shall be in approximate proportion to those shown. In 2006, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) called for the voluntary cancellation of all agricultural uses of lindane, limited in recent years to pre-planting seed treatments. [1] In the 1940s and 1950s lindane producers stockpiled these isomers in open heaps, which led to ground and water contamination. Air quality and pollution has gotten worse in Colorado. [1] [4] Lindane has not been manufactured in the U.S. since the mid-1970s but continues to be imported and formulated for restricted use. 0000001327 00000 n 0000004014 00000 n [4][5] This is not unlike other medications where the active ingredient has other non-healthcare applications. WebLindane is considered to be highly toxic to aquatic organisms, and moderately toxic to birds and mammals. Camphor benzalkonium methosulfate. Methods for measurement of sediment, surface water, and porewater toxicity in marine environments include the sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) fertilization and embryological development tests and copepod The Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants considers the use of lindane in agriculture as largely redundant, with other, less toxic and less persistent pesticides. DEA methoxycinnamate. This is the third severe geomagnetic storm (G4) since Solar Cycle 25 began in 2019. The MARINE POLLUTANT mark must conform to the following: (1) Except for size, the MARINE POLLUTANT mark must appear as follows: (2) The marking must be in the form of a square-on-point. [6] Mexico has committed to a structured, voluntary phase out of lindane through the North American Regional Action Plan (NARAP) but currently authorizes agricultural, veterinary and healthcare uses. Cough. ];pGvZo~z8i##N7M3|cruvx}qLY^*PqoWU-;yr$z:9~sro?6N9iC0Y 6)?S9xwQ(elU[3+s]q-{ [11][12], While adverse reactions can occur with use of low-dose topical pharmaceutical formulations, serious effects are rare and have most often resulted from the misuse of medication. Samples of intestinal tissues were prepared in both control The most common side effects are nonserious reactions of the skin (e.g., burning, itching, dryness and rash). Lindane has adverse effects on trailer Current as of October 03, 2022 | Updated by FindLaw Staff. Headache. Hepatic cytochrome P-450 oxygenase system. This study investigates acute toxicity and histological effects of Lindane insecticide on intestinal tissues of immature grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The companys promotion agreement with Alliant Pharmaceuticals, which commenced in 2005, was terminated May 2007. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. [6] (4) For domestic transportation, a packaging marked prior to January 1, 2017 and in conformance with the requirements of this paragraph in effect on December 31, 2014, may continue in service until the end of its useful life. 0000057076 00000 n In 2003, the FDA published a safety analysis of adverse events reported in association with the use of lindane medications received through its adverse event monitoring system (AERS database) between from 1974 through 2002. This article wants to briefly summarise the (3) Except for transportation by vessel, on a bulk packaging, freight container or transport vehicle that bears a label or placard specified in subparts E or F of this part. (a) For vessel transportation of each non-bulk packaging that contains a marine pollutant -, (1) For a proper shipping name used to describe a hazardous material that is a marine pollutant and assigned the letter G in column (1) of the 172.101 hazardous materials table or that contains the text n.o.s., the name of the component which makes the material a marine pollutant must be marked on the package in parentheses in association with the marked proper shipping name unless the proper shipping name identifies by name the component which makes the material a marine pollutant. Symbol (fish and tree): Black on white or suitable contrasting background. Vlkov and Hofman demonstrated that soil properties affect the bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants such as lindane, DDT, phenanthrene and 0000002858 00000 n (ii) At least 250 mm (9.8 inches) for marks applied to all other bulk packages. Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection. Exposure to large amounts of lindane can negatively affect the nervous system, producing a range of symptoms from headache and dizziness to seizures, convulsions and more rarely death. [4] There is a bill in the New York State Assembly and Senate to ban its use in head lice products and limit its use on scabies, which had not passed as of September 2007. (1) On single packagings or combination packagings where each single package or each inner packaging of combination packagings has: (i) A net quantity of 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less for liquids; or, (ii) A net mass of 5 kg (11 pounds) or less for solids. The width of the border forming the square-on-point marking must be at least 2 mm. [16] Only rarely have seizures and even more rarely fatal reactions been reported when lindane medications were used (presumably) according to directions.[7][11][12]. Diarrhoea. [1] Adverse hematologic effects have also been reported with chronic occupational exposures and excessive dermal applications; however, a direct cause and effect has not been established. Decomposes on heating and on burning. However, a significant amount of Lindane is also found in The most common reports to the FDA were "drug ineffective," followed by convulsions, dermatitis and dizziness. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink, but NOT if convulsions occur. 104 0 obj <> endobj 0000005726 00000 n Not combustible. WebLindane is an organochlorine pesticide belonging to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that has been widely used to treat agricultural pests. However, lindane medications remain available in Canada for public health purposes as non-prescription therapies. WebLindane is released into the environment during and after agricultural application through volatilization into the atmosphere (estimated at 12-30%), where it has long-range transport potential and can be deposited by rainfall. Your browser does not support JavaScript. 0000050404 00000 n WebLindane is considered a marine pollutant, and special requirements have been set for marking, labeling, and transporting this material. Effects of long-term or repeated exposure For example, warfarin is used as a rodenticide to poison mice and rats (e.g., Kaput, D-Con) but is also formulated for medical use as an oral anticoagulant or "blood thinner" to treat patients with heart attacks, strokes and other clot-related disorders (e.g., Coumadin). [7], Based on these findings, lindane lotion and lindane shampoo were limited to small unit-dose bottles in 2003 by the FDA to mitigate the risk of misuse and further enhance product safety. 2-ethyl-hexyl-4-trimethoxycinnamate (Octinoxate, Uvinul MC80) Glyceril octanoate dimethoxylcinnamate. [15], The current FDA-approved product labeling emphasizes that lindane medications are contraindicated for use in premature infants and individuals with known uncontrolled seizure disorders and should be used with caution in infants, children, the elderly, and individuals with other skin conditions (e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis) and in those who weigh less than 110 lbs (50 kg) as they may be at risk of serious neurotoxicity. [1] The ecological impact of lindanes environmental persistence continues to be debated. Refer immediately for medical attention. (2) On a combination packaging containing a marine pollutant, other than a severe marine pollutant, in inner packagings each of which contains: (i) 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less net capacity for liquids; or. [23] However, more recent evaluations by subject matter experts do not support this rating. The World Health Organization classifies lindane as "moderately hazardous", and its international trade is restricted and regulated under the Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent. In 2009, the production and agricultural use of lindane was banned under the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants. Reacts with bases. Lindane in soil can leach to surface and even ground water and can bioaccumulate in the food chain. [7][11][12] [16] (see also Pharmaceutical Uses) Indeed, most of the adverse human health effects reported for lindane have related to agricultural uses and chronic, occupational exposure of seed treatment workers to agricultural-grade lindane. Lindane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABAA receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site. To use all functions of this page, please activate cookies in your browser. xb```"cV @16$!Lvr p'wO'w6%nY38rg?&')(Iq^ YNH(Hinthr;.5. Aurora is best viewed in areas without light pollution and no cloud cover. [7] [17] When used properly, lindane medications are safe and effective for the diseases they are approved. In addition, there were 46 hospitalizations, and seven life-threatening outcomesfive from the same household. In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. This mark may be displayed in black lettering on a white square-on-point configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard. Each side of the mark must be -. [4][25] The latter includes the U.S. and Canada, which support public health uses of pharmaceutical lindane but no longer allow agricultural applications. Wash hands before eating. The direct causes of death for the other cases were attributed to reasons other than lindane. It is also a recognised irritant. To use all the functions on Chemie.DE please activate JavaScript. Remove contaminated clothes. 89 0 obj <>stream Store in an area without drain or sewer access. The mark may be displayed in black lettering on a square-on-point configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard; or. (B) Bulk packages with a capacity of less than 3,785 L (1,000 gallons); or. During this time, the vast majority of lindane usemore than 99%has been for agricultural purposes and much of the safety and environmental concerns have related to this application. [1][19] The most common side effects with topical use of lindane medications are nonserious reactions of the skin, including burning, itching, dryness and rash. At the same time, a boxed warning was added to the prescription label to highlight to healthcare providers appropriate use criteria and rare treatment risks. Lindane (Persistant Organic Pollutant) in the EU, Best Practices of De-Contamination Exchanged. WebTherefore, if: (1) p-Dodecylphenol is a synonym to Dodecylphenol; and (2) the concentration of Dodecylphenol in the solution is at least one percent by weight, then the answer would be yes and "Lubrizol 9222R" would appear to be a marine pollutant. WebInternational initiatives on Lindane include the Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants of the Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution; the Rotterdam Convention; the OSPAR Commission for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Northeast Atlantic, the Great Nausea. Lindane is the main insecticide produced in China. It also notes that careful consideration should be given before prescribing lindane medications to patients with conditions that may increase the risk of seizure, such as HIV infection, history of head trauma or a prior seizure, CNS tumor, the presence of severe hepatic cirrhosis, excessive use of alcohol, abrupt withdrawal from alcohol or sedatives, as well as concomitant use of medications known to lower seizure threshold. Web( d) The MARINE POLLUTANT mark is not required ( 1) On single packagings or combination packagings where each single package or each inner packaging of combination packagings has: ( i) A net quantity of 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less for liquids; or ( ii) A net WebLindane, a lipophilic pollutant, may be toxic to organisms. This produces toxic and corrosive fumes including chlorine (see ICSC 0126), hydrogen chloride (see ICSC 0163) and phosgene (see ICSC 0007). <<77808EBE95D8C749B7A9AFF580CD8412>]>> Animal tests show that this substance possibly causes toxicity to human reproduction or development. (4) On a package of limited quantity material marked in accordance with 172.315 of this part. To explore the toxic effects of lindane and the underlying mechanisms of this toxicity, the animal model Caenorhabditis [6] Most exposure of the general population to lindane results from agricultural uses and the intake of contaminated foods, such as produce, meats and milk. [30][31]The US FDA continues to maintain that lindane medications have necessary health benefits that outweigh potential risks and should remain available for patients with head lice, scabies and pubic lice (crabs) who have few treatment alternatives. WebThis Lindane Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) Document replaces the earlier National Marine Fisheries Service No Observed Adverse Effect Level National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System EPA Office of Pesticide Programs Population Adjusted Dose Pesticide Analytical Method Public Document